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Handle LLM API 429 Rate Limits and Overloaded Errors in Agents

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AI & Agents intermediate 7 min read $0.01 Updated 2026-10-18

A client-side policy for LLM API throttling: tell request-rate, token-rate and overload errors apart, honor Retry-After, use capped jittered backoff, bound concurrency, budget tokens up front, and avoid retrying non-idempotent tool calls.

An agent loop that fires parallel model calls hits 429 and 5xx overload errors at the worst moment. Separate request limits from token limits, honor Retry-After, and stop retries from making the outage worse.

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#llm-api#rate-limits#429#retry#backoff

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